A complement factor D deficiency was found in a young woman who had experie
nced a serious Neisseria meningitidis infection, in a deceased family membe
r with a history of meningitis, and in three relatives without a history of
serious infections. The patient and these three relatives showed a normal
activity of the classical complement pathway, but a very low activity of th
e alternative complement pathway and a very low capacity to opsonize Escher
ichia coli and N. meningitidis (isolated from the patient) for phagocytosis
by normal human neutrophils. The alternative pathway-dependent hemolytic a
ctivity and the opsonizing capacity of these sera were restored by addition
of purified factor D. The family had a high degree of consanguinity, and s
everal other family members exhibited decreased levels of factor D. The gen
e encoding factor D was found to contain a point mutation that changed the
TCG codon for serine 42 into a TAG stop codon, This mutation was found in b
oth alleles of the five completely factor D-deficient family members and in
one allele of 21 other members of the same family who had decreased or low
-normal factor D levels in their serum. The gene sequence of the signal pep
tide of human factor D was also identified. Our report is the first, to our
knowledge, to document a Factor D gene mutation. The mode of inheritance o
f factor D deficiency is autosomal recessive, in accordance with the locali
zation of the Factor D gene on chromosome 19. Increased susceptibility for
infections in individuals with a partial factor D deficiency is unlikely.