Electromigration lifetime considering the barrier layer effect under the DC
and pulsed DC stress is analyzed numerically. The barrier layer used to st
op the copper diffusion also improves the interconnect lifetime. The improv
ement of lifetime under the DC stress is higher than that under the pulsed
DC stress. The lifetime model predictions are also compared with experiment
al data. Good agreement between the model predictions and experiments is ob
tained. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.