Anatomic exposures for vascular injuries

The exposure of vascular injuries is contingent on knowledge of anatomy and the limitations and boundaries for proximal and distal control of each art ery. In this article, these are conveniently organized into arteries of the neck, of the chest, of the abdomen, and of the extremities. In addition, t he interface between the neck and chest, and the chest and the abdomen prov ide particular challenges because of the need to expose two body regions fr equently. The anatomy, the points of proximal and distal control, the detai ls of exposure, and the key maneuvers required to expose particular arterie s are reviewed.