Deep seawater has recently been under trial as a fundamental material for m
ineral water, food, face lotion and an efficacious reagent for the cure of
atopic dermatitis in Japan. However, little is known about the biologically
effective substances, including toxic compounds in deep seawater. In this
study, we investigated the effects of deep seawater on the function of muri
ne macrophages in vitro, and examined the endotoxin-like substances in seaw
ater, Mitochondrial activity and NO production in macrophage cells cultured
with stimulants were enhanced in a depth dependent manner by pretreatment
with deep seawater. In addition, fractions from deep seawater, enriched by
hydrophobic column chromatography, activated the macrophage cells much more
than the corresponding fractions from surface seawater. Furthermore, the e
ffects of the fractions on macrophage cells remained significant, even with
the addition of polymyxin B, which is a specific inhibitor of endotoxins.
These results indicate that endotoxins and unknown substances, which affect
macrophage functions, exist in a depth dependent manner in seawater. (C) 2
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