Gs. Tian, THE BINDING-ENERGY AND THE CHARGED GAPS IN THE NEGATIVE-U HUBBARD-MODEL - SOME RIGOROUS RESULTS, Journal of physics. A, mathematical and general, 30(15), 1997, pp. 5329-5338
By applying Lieb's spin-reflection-positivity method and exploiting a
commutation relation satisfied by the negative-U Hubbard Hamiltonian,
we prove two rigorous theorems on the binding energy of fermions, the
one-particle and the two-particle gaps for the model on an arbitrary f
inite lattice.