SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS VARIANTS WITH DIFFERENTIAL T-CELL AND MACROPHAGE TROPISM USE CCR5 AND AN UNIDENTIFIED COFACTOR EXPRESSED IN CEMX174 CELLS FOR EFFICIENT ENTRY
F. Kirchhoff et al., SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS VARIANTS WITH DIFFERENTIAL T-CELL AND MACROPHAGE TROPISM USE CCR5 AND AN UNIDENTIFIED COFACTOR EXPRESSED IN CEMX174 CELLS FOR EFFICIENT ENTRY, Journal of virology, 71(9), 1997, pp. 6509-6516
The recent identification of coreceptors that mediate efficient entry
of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) suggests new therapeuti
c and preventive strategies. We analyzed simian immunodeficiency virus
(SIV) entry cofactors to investigate whether the macaque SIV model ca
n be used as an experimental model to evaluate these strategies. Simil
ar to primary HIV-1 isolates, a well characterized molecular clone, SI
Vmac239, which replicates poorly but efficiently enters into rhesus al
veolar macrophages and an envelope variant, SIVmac239/316Env, with an
similar to 1,000-fold-higher replicative capacity in macrophages used
the beta-chemokine receptor CCR5 for efficient entry. The transmembran
e portion of 316Env allowed low-level entry into cells expressing CCR1
, CCR2B, and CCR3. A single amino acid substitution in the V3 loop of
SIVmac239/316Env, 321P-->S, impaired the ability to enter into the T-B
hybrid cell line CEMx174 but had relatively little effect on entry in
to primary cells and HOS.CD4 cells expressing CCR5. Although CEMx174 c
ells do not express CCR5, most SIVmac variants entered this hybrid cel
l line efficiently but did not enter the parental T-cell line CEM. It
seems likely that CEMx174 cells express an as-yet-unidentified, perhap
s B-cell-derived cofactor which allows efficient entry of SIVmac.