Aspiration is a common disorder that causes a high rate of morbidity a
nd often death when not treated promptly. Therefore, early recognition
is crucial far improving outcomes. The key, however, is to recognize
predisposing factors and to modify them if possible to prevent develop
ment of an aspiration syndrome. In this article, the authors discuss t
he pathophysiologic factors involved, the three distinct types of aspi
ration syndrome, appropriate management, and preventive strategies.