We analyzed point-prevalence data from 35 recent studies of human popu
lations in which Plasmodium falciparum and one other Plasmodium specie
s were the reported causes of malaria infections. For the P. falciparu
m-Plasmodium vivax pair, higher overall prevalence in a human populati
on is associated with fewer mixed-species infections than expected on
the basis of the product of individual species prevalences. This is no
t true for P. falciparum-Plasmodium malariae.