In Hayek's Social and Political Thought, Roland Kley argues that Hayek
's defense of capitalism is instrumentalist: that is, that Hayek sees
market societies as efficient mechanisms that have no independent ethi
cal justification. But in fact, Hayek does have such a standard, one t
hat is expressed in the notion of a discipline of freedom. This standa
rd derived from the moral anthropology of the liberal-conservative tra
dition.