IODINATED CONTRAST MATERIAL IN URORADIOLOGY - CHOICE OF AGENT AND MANAGEMENT OF COMPLICATIONS

This article reviews the use of iodinated radiographic contrast agents , and the frequency of adverse contrast media reactions is presented. Factors that result in increased risk of an adverse reaction, such as previous reactions, asthma, allergies, and azotemia, also are reviewed . The use of contrast media in pregnancy is discussed; issues concerni ng the choice of conventional ionic contrast agents are summarized; an d comparisons of relative safety, cost, and differences in urographic and CT image quality are provided. Basic principles for effective trea tment of adverse contrast media reactions then are addressed.