Heterosexual intercourse has become a significant means of HIV transmi
ssion, even in countries where this was previously not the case. Conse
quently the promotion of safer sexual practices for heterosexual women
and men is of major public health importance. We examine the risks to
women of contracting HIV through heterosexual sex, and critically dis
cuss the most commonly recommended strategies for safer sex for hetero
sexuals. We conclude that all safer sex strategies have limitations, a
nd therefore a wide range of options should be promoted.