B. Bandelow et al., URINARY-EXCRETION OF CORTISOL, NOREPINEPHRINE, TESTOSTERONE, AND MELATONIN IN PANIC DISORDER, Pharmacopsychiatry, 30(4), 1997, pp. 113-117
Nocturnal urinary cortisol, norepinephrine, epinephrine, testosterone,
and melatonin secretion patterns were studied in male patients with D
SM IV/ICD-10 panic disorder (n=16) over two series of 5 consecutive ni
ghts each. Nighttime urinary excretion of cortisol, norepinephrine, an
d epinephrine was significantly elevated in drug-free patients compare
d to normal individuals (n=13), Measurements were repeated after 4 wee
ks, and the same differences were found again. There were high correla
tions between the first and the second series of measurements. Testost
erone and melatonin levels did not differ between panic patients and c
ontrols.