Kinins are potent inflammatory mediators, liberated from kininogens by
different kininogenases. The aim of this study was to investigate the
kinin generation pathways in acute and chronic inflammation of the lo
wer airways. We studied bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patient
s with acute pneumonia, patients with chronic bronchitis and healthy c
ontrols. Kinins were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Plasma kall
ikrein (pl-Kal), alpha(2)-macroglobulin (alpha(2)-M) and toluenesulpho
nylarginine methyl ester (TAME) esterase activity (TAME-ea) were studi
ed in BALF before and after gel filtration chromatography. Plasma kall
ikrein and alpha(2)-M were measured using two newly developed sandwich
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). TAME-ea was measured by
a radiochemical assay. After gel filtration, inhibition of TAME-ea wit
h benzamidine, soy-bean-trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) and aprotinin was per
formed. Kinins and TAME-ea did not differ significantly between acute
pneumonia and chronic bronchitis, whereas pl-Kal and alpha(2)-M values
were significantly higher in acute pneumonia. Gel filtration revealed
the highest TAME-ea peak in acute pneumonia corresponding with the fi
rst alpha(2)-M peak at similar to 800 kDa, whereas in chronic bronchit
is the highest peak was found at similar to 40 kDa. The inhibition tes
t showed that the TAME-ea peak at similar to 800 kDa was due to pl-Kal
and the TAME-ea peak at similar to 40 kDa was mainly due to tissue ka
llikrein. High peaks of alpha(2)-M and pl-Kal were found in pneumonia
and only small peaks were seen in chronic bronchitis. We conclude that
in acute airway inflammation kinins seem to be mainly generated by pl
asma kallikrein whereas in chronic inflammation, kininogenases other t
han plasma kallikrein, such as tissue kallikrein, seem to be more impo
rtant.