Two of the major contending theories for binary and multiple star form
ation arc fragmentation driven by rotation during cloud collapse and g
ravitational instability of massive protostellar disks. Implicit in th
e literature on these two mechanisms is that the parameter space avail
able for binary formation in a star forming region varies with the clo
ud temperature. The sense of the difference is that binary formation i
s more likely in low-temperature clouds. Observations of cloud conditi
ons and of binary fractions among young stellar objects are approachin
g the necessary level of detail to test this prediction; and there are
hints in recent observations that such differences exist.