The effects of chronic administration of cocaine to pregnant rabbits o
n maternal seizures and on pregnancy outcome were studied. Cocaine (2,
3 or 4 mg/kg/injection) or saline was administered, IV, twice daily,
from gestation Day 8 (G8) to G29. There were no significant difference
s in maternal weight gain or pregnancy outcome between saline control
animals and animals given a cocaine dose of 2, 3 or 4 mg/kg/injection.
Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCSs) were occasionally elicited
by the highest dose (4 mg/kg). There were significant individual diffe
rences in vulnerability to cocaine-elicited GTCSs in animals given 4 m
g/kg/injection. Of this group, 18% were classified as having high vuln
erability to seizures, and they experienced a range from 3 to 27 GTCSs
. Postnatal mortality of their offspring was significantly increased.
The incidence and temporal patterns of GTCSs elicited by chronic, IV c
ocaine in rabbits, at the doses used, are similar to those reported in
human cocaine use. These GTCSs may involve different mechanisms from
seizures elicited in other animal studies, in which high doses of coca
ine are administered IP or SC. Nevertheless, in our animal model, the
GTCSs elicited by prenatal cocaine exposure had no detectable effects
on pregnancy outcome (except in the highly vulnerable subgroup). (C) 1
997 Elsevier Science Inc.