A. Piotrowski et al., STUDY OF NEGATIVE-ION EMISSION FROM THE TUBULAR IONIZER, Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms, 129(3), 1997, pp. 410-413
Experimental studies of negative ion production by means of a tungsten
tubular ionizer were performed. Obtained experimental data for F-, Na
-, S-, Cl- and SF5- ions show clearly that formation of negative ions
in the tubular ionizer is strongly enhanced in comparison to ionizatio
n on the open tungsten surface. Further increase of the efficiency has
been observed when barium vapour was introduced.