TRENDS IN SUN EXPOSURE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIORS - 1986 TO 1996

Background: The American Academy of Dermatology's national program Mel anoma/Skin Cancer Detection and Prevention, developed in response to t he rising incidence of invasive melanoma in the United States, has ann ually during the past decade produced extensive print, radio, and tele vision coverage about the dangers of sun exposure and benefits of sun protection. Objective: We measured the progress achieved in increasing the awareness and knowledge of skin cancer and changing the attitudes , beliefs, and behaviors that affect skin cancer risk. We also describ e current sun-related behavior including sunburning, assess the likeli hood of practicing sun protection strategies, and provide a baseline a gainst which future changes in sun protection behavior may be evaluate d. Methods: A 1996 telephone survey repeated questions used in 1986 to evaluate change and used classifying questions to better define attit udes and behaviors.Results: From 1986 to 1996, the knowledge of the pe rceived harmful effects of the sun significantly broadened, but the UV exposure behavior as measured by sunburning (30% to 39%) and regular use of a tanning booth (2% to 6%) also increased. There was a decline in the attitude that having a tan was healthy; however, in 1996 having a tan was still considered to enhance appearance, particularly by men . Sunscreen use increased (35% to 53%). Women, younger persons, person s residing in areas with fewer sunny days, and whites were more likely to tan intentionally, but men who lived in the South were more likely to sunburn. Conclusion: During the past decade, the early process of change involving cognitive and emotional activities began. With this s tudy, high-risk population subsets performing specific adverse behavio r were identified. In the future, they can be targeted with messages t hat promote attitudinal and behavioral change.