Rf. Pywell et al., THE DECLINE OF HEATHLAND SEED POPULATIONS FOLLOWING THE CONVERSION TOAGRICULTURE, Journal of Applied Ecology, 34(4), 1997, pp. 949-960
1, The composition and size of the germinable seed populations of undi
sturbed heathland soils were compared to those of adjacent farmland wh
ich was formerly heathland. The distribution of seeds with soil depth
was also examined under the different land use types. 2. In heathland
soil, the seed populations of heathland species were very large (17 50
0-33 700 seed m(-2)) and were concentrated in the litter and top 40 mm
of the undisturbed soil profile. Repeated ploughing was found to redi
stribute the seed population throughout the soil profile. 3. Heathland
seed populations exhibited an exponential decay with time under more
intensive agricultural management, with an estimated half-life of 10 y
ears. This was compared to half-life estimates of 13 years under nearb
y conifer plantations. It was thought that the natural decay of heathl
and seed populations with time was accelerated by cultivation. Each pl
oughing event brings buried seed to the surface where it germinates an
d is lost. Despite this, heathland seed populations were found to surv
ive for at least 30-40 years under permanent pasture with occasional p
eriods of arable farming. 4, The redistribution and loss of heathland
seed was accompanied by a large increase in the size of the non-heathl
and seed population. This, together with the increased fertility of fa
rmland soils, makes the restoration of heathland vegetation from relic
heathland seed populations problematical and uncertain.