We show how the widely used concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking c
an be explained in causal perturbation theory by introducing a perturb
ative version of quantum gauge invariance. Perturbative gauge invarian
ce, formulated exclusively by means of asymptotic fields, is discussed
for the simple example of Abelian U(1) gauge theory (Abelian Higgs mo
del). Our findings are relevant for the electroweak theory, as pointed
out elsewhere.