K-Ar age dates of authigenic illite from sandstones in the UK south Ce
ntral Graben have a bimodal distribution. In contrast to established h
ypotheses of thermal triggers, this illite growth is explained by chan
ges in hydrogeological history. Fluid motion during burial can hence b
e dated. Illite growth at 84-58 Ma on the graben margins was coinciden
t with rapid subsidence of the Graben axis and consequent expulsion of
pore fluids onto the margins. This event pre-dated both overpressure,
and the secondary migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon in the re
gion. Illite growth was probably caused by increased solute transport
rates during pore fluid motion. Illite growth on an axial high (33-30
Ma) occurred during overpressured conditions. This was triggered eithe
r by: (1) downward fluid migration as a consequence of overpressure re
lease. These fluids carried carboxylic acids or hydrocarbons from the
highly overpressured Kimmeridge Clay Formation into the less pressured
Fulmar Sandstone Formation; or (2) a decrease in water-rock ratios as
fluid flow declined within the sandstones, as a consequence of overpr
essure build-up. Published experiments show that illite growth is favo
ured by low water-rock ratios.