COMPARISON OF RETENTIVENESS OF AMALGAM BONDING AGENT TYPES

Previous studies on amalgam bonded restorations indicated that amalgam bonding agents increased the bond strength of amalgam to tooth struct ure. This in vitro study was designed to compare how the mode of curin g and the presence of filler in the resin would affect the bond streng th of amalgam. The five test groups of lining agents for amalgam resto rations included Chemical-cured, Unfilled resin (CU-Clearfil New Bond) ; Light-cured, Unfilled resin with a delayed chemical-cure property (L U-Clearfil Photo Bond); Light-cured, Filled resin with a delayed chem ical-cure property (LF-Clearfil Photo Bond + Protect Liner); Dual-cur ed, Unfilled resin (DU-All-Bond 2); and Varnish (V-Copalite). For each group, 20 class 5 cavity preparations were cut on the facial, lingual , or proximal surfaces of human molars, which were embedded in acrylic resin. The preparations were 2.5 mm deep and 3 mm wide at the pulpal floor with a slightly divergent taper. After treating the preparation with the bonding agent, a 3/4-inch, 18-gauge flat-headed wire nail was placed into the cavity with the head at the pulpal floor of the prepa ration, and Tytin amalgam was then condensed into the preparation arou nd the nail. The restorations were stored for 24 hours in distilled wa ter at 37 degrees C and then subjected to 2500 thermal cycles (8 degre es C to 48 degrees C). After 1 week, specimens were tested to failure in tension using an Instron Universal Testing Machine (crosshead speed = 2 mm/min) and peak load (kg) was recorded. The mean lends at failur e (+/- SD) were LF 26.4 (+/- 7.0), DU 23.9 (+/- 6.4), LU* 16.0 (+/- 3 .1), CU 14.3 (+/- 8.0), and V 9.5 (+/- 5.6). Significant differences w ere found using a one-way ANOVA and the Games and Howell post hoc test at a significance level of alpha = 0.05. The LF and DU groups were n ot significantly different from each other,but they were significantly higher in peak load than all other groups. LU was significantly high er than the varnish (V) but not significantly higher than CU. CU was n ot significantly higher than the varnish (V). The adhesives forming a thicker resin interface (the light-cured resin with filled resin liner and the dual-cured unfilled resin) demonstrated significantly greater retention than the light-cured unfilled resin, chemical-cured unfille d resin, and the varnish control.