THE BASIS AND THE CONTENT OF THE MANAGEME NT THEORY (SCIENTIFIC BRANCH)

The management theory (scientific branch) is characterised as accumula ted and, according to certain viewpoint, logically organised knowledge which consists of the set of management principles, methods, and proc edures prepared on basis of empirical approach and results of various scientific branches. The management theory (scientific branch) has thi s special features: it is practice oriented science, it has interdisci plinary character, it is subject of study all the world round, and the existence of the comparative management results from that. When speci fying the management theory one has to come out from the management sy stem of the organisation, Its basis (the core) is the management proce ss which represents various activities carried out by managers. Gradua lly, various explanations of the management process were developed and by that the management theory content as well. The best known are the following ones: according to the process or functional. viewpoint, as the interaction of people, on the decision-making basis, in the form of the information process, by means of the system of mathematics mode ls. These or, the following approaches to the management theory are th e self-standing theories without mutual interconnection, but they crea te part of one logically organised management theory. Only the synthes is of results from scientific branches and practice may provide the to tal picture of the management process and its theory. Knowledge relati ng to the management process and the management theory has various tas ks at their formation. According to that they are divided to four grou ps which create: firstly, the content of the management process, secon dly, they represent resources for the process refinement and the manag ement theory, thirdly, they represent the main approach used researchi ng and solution of individual problems of management and management ge nerally, fourthly, they represent outputs (statements) of management f or practical purposes. The content of the management process and, simu ltaneously, the management theory is characterised by three mutually c onnected an overlapped partial processes (subsystems), decomposed acco rding to these viewpoints: from the functional viewpoint, from the dec ision-making viewpoint, and from information viewpoint. The starting p oint and the basis for the definition of the management process and th e management theory can be found in its functional viewpoint that come s out from functions of the management (planning, organising, leading, inspection). The presented partial processes (subsystems) are conjunc tive ones. The main resources of knowledge supporting the management i mprovement and its theory development are the following ones: empirica l approach, science (behaviourists theories, information theories, mat hematics-statistic theory, and the others), and technology. Special ta sk in the management theory belongs to basic approaches used for the e xamination of individual problems of management and management general ly. It is very important to respect and implement the systems approach and the contingent approach. Outputs (statements) of the management t heory can have double character, it means, descriptive one that means the description of that situation how the managers behave in the organ isation or, how they react tc, arisen situation and how the proceed, a nd normative one (prescription) which gives the answer to it how we sh ould behave, or what we should do when we want to reach the goal. Proc ess of the management should be refined in real way because of that, i n future, the output of the management should be as normative as possi ble.