Nk. Kyriakides et al., BUBBLING FROM NOZZLES SUBMERGED IN WATER - TRANSITIONS BETWEEN BUBBLING REGIMES, Canadian journal of chemical engineering, 75(4), 1997, pp. 684-691
The bubble formation and coalescence phenomena above submerged nozzles
having diameters between 1 and 7 mm were studied visually in a stagna
nt: water column. Air was supplied at the nozzles under constant flaw
rate conditions and the field of view extended from the nozzle exit up
to 14 cm above it. The stir Reynolds number based on the nozzle diame
ter covered a range between 50 and 40000. The study was focused on a u
nified description of the bubbling phenomena, beginning from the singl
e bubble formation up to the jet formation, and the transitions betwee
n the various bubbling regions. It was concluded that for nozzles, as
injector devices and for the air/water system investigated, the Reynol
ds number is the controlling variable for the bubbling phenomena above
the nozzles and for the transition between the various bubbling regio
ns.