An efficient one-step transformation method for the dimorphic yeast Ya
rrowia lipolytica is described. Using cells grown overnight on agar pl
ates, the whole process is carried out within 1 h. The transformant cl
ones could be recovered on selective plates as early as 36-48 h after
plating, The efficiency was better than 10(5) transformants/mu g repli
cative plasmid DNA. Effects of cell density, dithiothreitol, heat shoc
k, poly(ethylene glycol) 4000 concentration and the wetness of selecti
ve plates were investigated.