GRASS-ROOTS ASSOCIATIONS ARE IMPORTANT - SOME THEORY AND A REVIEW OF THE IMPACT LITERATURE

Grassroots associations (GAs) are defined as locally based and wholly volunteer nonprofits-essentially local voluntary associations. in soci ological terms. Such associations are discussed in theoretical terms, examining pros and cons regarding their potential importance. On the b asis of an extensive literature review, the internal impact of GAs inv olves the fostering of social support and mutual helping, stimulation and self-expression, happiness and health, sociopolitical activation, and economic and other outcomes among members. On the downside, some G A activity (e.g., in delinquent gangs) can increase individual devianc e among members. Externally, GAs often create positive change, enable continuing citizen participation in a democracy and a viable ''civil s ociety,'' provide varied services to nonmembers, help maintain societa l cohesion, and can help in disasters. GAs also help support the econo mic system and stimulate program volunteering, philanthropic giving, a nd other GA activity. Cumulatively, grassroots associations have a ver y substantial effect on society and on the lives of its citizens, espe cially in modem nations like America.