EXERCISE PERFORMANCE, RED-BLOOD-CELL DEFORMABILITY, AND LIPID-PEROXIDATION - EFFECTS OF FISH-OIL AND VITAMIN-E

Previous studies have indicated that fish oil supplementation increase s red blood cell (RBC) deformability, which may improve exercise perfo rmance. Exercise alone, or in combination with an increase in fatty ac id unsaturation, however, may enhance Lipid peroxidation. Effects of a bicycle time trial of similar to 1 h on RBC characteristics and lipid peroxidation were, therefore, studied in 24 trained cyclists. After 3 wk of fish oil supplementation (6 g/day), without or with vitamin E ( 300 IU/day), trial performance, RBC characteristics, and lipid peroxid ation were measured again. RBC deformability appeared to decrease duri ng endurance exercise. After correction for hemoconcentration, plasma total tocopherol concentrations decreased by 0.77 mu mol/l (P = 0.012) or 2.9% and carotenoid concentrations by 0.08 mu mo/l (P = 0.0008) or 4.5%. Endurance exercise did not affect the lag time and rate of in v itro oxidation of low-density Lipoproteins (LDLs), but the maximum amo unt of conjugated dienes formed decreased by 2.1 +/- 1.0 mu mol/mmol L DL cholesterol (P = 0.042) or 1.2%. Fish oil supplementation with and without vitamin E did not affect RBC characteristics or exercise perfo rmance. Both supplements decreased the rate of LDL oxidation, and fish oil supplementation with vitamin E delayed oxidation. The amount of d ienes, however, was not affected. The supplements also did not change effects of exercise. We conclude that the changes observed during endu rance exercise may indicate increased oxidative stress, but further re search is necessary to confirm this. Fish oil supplementation does not improve endurance performance, but it also does not cause or augment changes in antioxidant levels or LDL oxidation during exercise.