A comprehensive lifting model (CLM) for the evaluation and design of m
anual tasks was developed in two stages using 11 task, personal and en
vironmental variables. In the first stage, the model was built using t
he psychophysical data. In the second stage, discounting factors of va
rious variables were tested and adjusted using the physiological and b
iomechanical data. Two lifting indices are proposed to evaluate liftin
g tasks for a group of workers (relative lifting safety index or RLSI)
and for an individual worker (personal lifting safety index or PLSI).