S. Caorsi et al., DO COVARIANT PROJECTION ELEMENTS REALLY SATISFY THE INCLUSION CONDITION, IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 45(9), 1997, pp. 1643-1644
Spurious modes which often are found among finite-element solutions of
electromagnetic eigenvalue problems do not occur when covariant proje
ction elements are used. It has been claimed that this happens because
covariant projection elements satisfy the inclusion condition, but th
ey do not satisfy it-as is proven in this paper.