CORONARY-ARTERY CALCIUM IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES - A COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF ELECTRON-BEAM COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY, CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY, AND INTRACORONARY ULTRASOUND IN SURVIVORS OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION AND UNSTABLE ANGINA

Background Quantification of coronary artery calcified plaques by elec tron-beam CT (EBCT) may predict cardiovascular events. However, wherea s advanced coronary atherosclerotic plaques can be identified, mildly stenotic lipid-rich (soft) plaques may be difficult to detect. The val ue of EBCT in a subgroup of patients has therefore been questioned. To investigate this, we evaluated patients with acute coronary syndromes by EBCT and compared the results with coronary angiography and, in pa tients with an indeterminate angiogram, intracoronary ultrasound (ICUS ). Methods and Results EBCT was performed in 118 consecutive patients (57+/-11 pears of age) with previous myocardial infarction (n=101) or unstable angina (n=17). A standard protocol requiring a CT density >13 0 Hounsfield units in an area greater than or equal to 1.03 mm(2) was used for the definition of coronary artery calcium. We found that 110 patients had moderate to severe coronary artery disease by coronary an giography, and 8 had either mildly stenotic plaques at a single site ( 4 patients, confirmed by ICUS) or nonatherosclerotic causes of the uns table coronary syndrome (4 patients). One hundred and five of the 110 patients (96%) with moderate to severe angiographic disease but only 1 of the 8 other patients (13%) had a positive EBCT. Patients with acut e coronary syndromes and negative EBCTs were significantly younger tha n patients with positive EBCTs (46+/-12 versus 58+/-10 years, P<.001), and a higher percentage was actively smoking (100% of the smokers ver sus 46%, P<.05). Conclusions The vast majority of patients with acute coronary syndromes and at least moderate angiographic disease have ide ntifiable coronary calcium by EBCT. Those patients with negative EBCTs have minimal or no atherosclerotic plaque formation. They are younger and tend to be active cigarette smokers.