In this paper, we present results from studies on marine Vibrio specie
s, in which complex adaptive responses have been investigated. The res
ults of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis serve to il
lustrate the usefulness of a global approach, and how it can be combin
ed with other methodologies in order to achieve an improved understand
ing of the means by which bacteria adapt to alterations in environment
al conditions. The overall strategies described in this paper are part
icularly useful for studies of bacteria for which efficient genetic to
ols, background genotypes and in depth physiological data are not yet
available.