The paper argues that evolutionary psychology offers a radical and cha
llenging new perspective on human nature and organizational society. I
ts roots in a convergence of insights and scientific discoveries from
diverse natural and human sciences are described, and how it seeks to
avoid common fallacies of earlier biological reasoning about human soc
iety. Recurrent themes in human nature and their manifestations are su
mmarized, including sex and personality differences, cognitive and aff
ective biases, social orientations, and preferred modes of social exch
ange. The paper concludes that we suffer the consequences of poor fit
between our inherited natures and many of the constructed environments
in organizational society, but that new emerging forms of organizatio
n may present us with the opportunities for social relations closer to
the ancestral paradigms of our psychology.