I place my analysis and naturalization of the problem of evil in relat
ion to (1) Holmes Rolston's views on disvalues in nature and (2) the c
hallenge posed to theology by environmental philosophy in the work of
Frederick Ferre. In the analysis of the problem of evil that follows m
y discussion of Rolston and Ferre, I first discuss the transformative
power for the religious believer of reflection on the problem of evil,
using the biblical Job as a case study. I point cut difficulties with
Job's particular resolution of the problem of evil and suggest that t
hese difficulties can be satisfactorily addressed by naturalizing spir
ituality.