Pm. Anderson et Bd. Meyer, THE EFFECTS OF FIRM SPECIFIC TAXES AND GOVERNMENT MANDATES WITH AN APPLICATION TO THE US UNEMPLOYMENT-INSURANCE PROGRAM, Journal of public economics, 65(2), 1997, pp. 119-145
We examine the common, but unexamined, case of a tax or government man
date whose cost differs across firms within the same labor market. Our
theoretical model shows that this variation can lead to employment re
allocation across firms and dead-weight losses, even if there is no ag
gregate employment effect. Using firm level unemployment insurance tax
data, we find that while the market level tax is mostly born by the w
orker, individual firms can only pass on a small share of the within m
arket differences. Thus, in some cases differences in taxes across fir
ms can lead to large dead-weight losses.