PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS - MISALLOCATION OF VARIANCE REVISITED

Misallocating variance, in event-related potential analysis, refers to attributing an experimental effect to components not actually affecte d. A vector interpretation of the relationship between mathematically derived and hue underlying components shows that misallocation depends exclusively on incorrect identification of the affected component. Si mulations, using seven imperfect rotations, confirmed all predictions from the vector interpretation concerning the presence, direction, and size of misallocated variance. Contrary to principal component analys is (PCA), Mocks's topographic component model (TCM) is not subject to rotation problems. These two methods were compared over 100 simulation s in which the components had constant waveforms and topographies acro ss participants. The group effect was always detected, but only PCA an d not TCM showed significance on other components, except when their r andom weights happened to differ between groups.