DRUG-ABUSE TREATMENT RETENTION AND PROCESS EFFECTS ON FOLLOW-UP OUTCOMES

After finding that retention in methadone treatment for a year or long er was a highly significant predictor of patient outcomes following di scharge, measures of pretreatment motivation and early therapeutic eng agement were examined as predictors of program retention. Personal int erviews were conducted with a sample of 435 patients 12 months after d ischarge from three methadone treatment programs. Logistic regression results showed several patient attributes-i.e. over 35, lower injectio n frequency before admission, and higher motivation for treatment-were each associated with twofold increases in the likelihood of having fa vorable follow-up outcomes on illicit drug use, alcohol use, and crimi nal involvement. Patients staying in treatment a year or longer, howev er, were nearly five times more likely to have better outcomes. Furthe r analyses established that length of treatment stay was predicted by higher patient motivation at intake and early program involvement. The findings suggest that more comprehensive models of patient attributes , therapeutic process, and environmental influences are needed, and th at treatment enhancement efforts should focus on such during-treatment measures as interim criteria for improving posttreatment outcomes. (C ) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.