The 1990 elections in Nicaragua marked the loss of the Sandinistas to
a coalition government that overturned many of the revolutionary chang
es of the last decade and introduced a series of neoliberal measures t
o return the country to a capitalist path. Despite the initial despair
experienced by many Nicaraguans over that outcome and the economic cr
isis that followed, a number of political and cultural openings emerge
d to allow for independent social movements to grow in opposition to b
oth the new government and to undemocratic practices on the left. Wome
n have been central to these developments, as those most harshly affec
ted by recent economic policies and as activists in newly organized mo
vements. Based on research in Managua over a six-year period, this ess
ay considers these apparently contradictory tendencies and calls for a
n analysis that attends to both political economy and cultural politic
s.