DIGITAL AND VISUAL ANALYSIS OF THEMATIC MAPPER IMAGERY FOR DIFFERENTIATING OLD-GROWTH FROM YOUNGER SPRUCE-FIR STANDS

The process of old growth conservation would be greatly facilitated if remote sensing could be used to locate America's few remaining old gr owth forests. The use of multispectral remote sensing in the identific ation of old growth has been largely confined to efforts in the Pacifi c Northwest. The purpose of this study was to determine which image pr ocessing techniques best discriminate between old growth and younger s pruce-fir stands in the southern Rocky Mountains. Various image proces sing techniques were applied to TM imagery of the Marvine Lakes valley in the Colorado White River National Forest. The study focused on two major structural differences between the forest types. 1) multistorie d (old growth) vs. single-storied (young growth) canopies and 2) highe r frequency of standing dead in old growth. Field measurements of phot osynthetically active radiation confirmed the hypothesis that old grow th canopies contain more gaps than the young post-fire stands. Texture analysis, color-ratio techniques, and vegetation indices successfully identified old growth. Evaluation of the success of old growth identi fication within a geographic information system suggested that digital per-pixel classification was inferior to visual interpretation. Spati al and spectral methods must be used in combination if structurally va riable old growth forests are to be detected.