Hw. Barz et al., FREEZE-OUT TIME IN ULTRARELATIVISTIC HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS FROM COULOMB EFFECTS IN TRANSVERSE PION SPECTRA, Physical review. C. Nuclear physics, 56(3), 1997, pp. 1553-1556
The influence of the nuclear Coulomb field on transverse spectra of pi
(+) and pi(-) measured in Pb+Pb reactions at 158A GeV has been investi
gated. Pion trajectories are calculated in the field of an expanding f
ireball. The observed enhancement of the pi(-)/pi(+) ratio at small mo
menta depends on the temperature and transverse expansion velocity of
the source, the rapidity distribution of the net positive charge, and
mainly the time of the freeze-out.