Ac. Chukwudebe et al., TOXICITY OF EMAMECTIN BENZOATE FOLIAR DISLODGEABLE RESIDUES TO 2 BENEFICIAL INSECTS, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 45(9), 1997, pp. 3689-3693
The persistence and residual contact toxicity of foliar dislodgeable e
mamectin benzoate residues to Apis mellifera (L.) and Diglyphus isaea
(Walker) were studied following applications to foliage at maximum ant
icipated labeled use rate (0.0168 kg of active ingredient/ha). Bee mor
tality from contact exposure to dislodgeable alfalfa residues aged for
3, 8, and 24 h was 100, 46, and 3%, respectively. This contact toxici
ty was directly correlated with the magnitude of dislodgeable residues
(9.1, 3.6, and 1.3 ng/cm(2), respectively), with a dissipation half-l
ife of about 10 h. Similarly, D. isaea mortality from contact exposure
to dislodgeable residues aged for 0.5, 1.0, 3.5, 35, and 60 h was 75,
65, 50, 20, and 15%, respectively; these residues (5.2, 5.0, 4.5, 1.4
, and <0.2 ng/cm(2), respectively) had a dissipation half-life of abou
t 15 h. Therefore, these beneficial insects are expected to survive an
d colonize treated crops within relatively short intervals (less than
or equal to 24 h) after applications of emamectin benzoate.