Choice responding refers to the manner in which individuals allocate t
heir time or responding among available response options. In this arti
cle, we first review basic investigations that have identified and exa
mined variables that influence choice responding, such as response eff
ort and reinforcement rate, immediacy, and quality. We then describe r
ecent bridge and applied studies that illustrate how the results of ba
sic research on choice responding can help to account for human behavi
or in natural environments and improve clinical assessments and interv
entions.