The contribution of inelastic scattering to off-axis electron hologram
s is considered. For a sample which introduces a single sharp energy l
oss delta E, we find that this loss contributes time-independent inter
ference fringes to the hologram provided delta E < Delta E, where Delt
a E is the electron source energy spread. The relevance of this to two
-beam lattice imaging at the Bragg condition is outlined, and the rela
tionship between the uncertainty principle, the Van Cittert-Zernike th
eorem and the phase-space interpretation of coherence and Brightness r
eviewed.