We theoretically analyze the efficacy of close regulatory monitoring a
nd early bank closure policies, introduced by the 1991 Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation Improvement Act (FDICIA), in reducing the FDIC'
s losses and curbing bank moral hazard behavior induced by mis-priced
deposit insurance. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we demonstrate tha
t continuous bank monitoring and early closure may in fact exacerbate
the moral hazard problem if bank shareholders face a penalty upon clos
ure. Moreover, if reputational disincentives and monitoring costs prev
ent the regulator from implementing timely closure then the bank's mor
al hazard incentives are significantly altered. These results suggest
several new policy implications.