This article examines four dimensions of accountability as they apply
to not-for-profit hospitals and health systems: political accountabili
ty, particularly relating to the retention of tax-exempt status; comme
rcial accountability associated with the nonprofit hospital's role of
selling low cost and high value health services to a variety of commer
cial payers; community accountability in terms of addressing community
health and other social needs, and clinical/patient accountability in
terms of access and quality outcomes.