We report on the motion of two-dimensional electrons in a magnetic fie
ld which is periodic on the scale of a few hundred nanometres. Such a
system exhibits novel magnetoresistance oscillations that we unambiguo
usly identify as due to a commensurability effect between the period o
f the magnetic field and the diameter of the cyclotron orbit. We find
that a semiclassical picture of electron motion can quantitatively des
cribe all of the observed experimental features. We also propose metho
ds of optimizing the effects of the magnetic modulation in hybrid semi
conductor-superconductor devices.