FOOD SOURCES AND DIETARY INTAKES OF VITAMIN-K-1 (PHYLLOQUINONE) IN THE AMERICAN DIET - DATA FROM THE FDA TOTAL DIET STUDY

Objective To identify important food sources and estimate dietary inta ke of vitamin K-1 (phylloquinone) in the American can diet. Design Cor e foods from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Total Diet Stud y (TDS), which was based on the 1987-88 Nationwide Food Consumption Su rvey (NFCS), were analyzed for vitamin K-1. These nutrient values were then applied to the FDA TDS consumption model. Subjects Of the NFCS p articipants within the 14 selected age-gender groups, 3,634 who had 3 days of dietary data were included in the FDA TDS consumption model. M ain outcome measures Vitamin K-1 intakes were estimated for each of th e age-gender groups. the percentage contribution of each food item to total intake of vitamin K-1 was calculated from the FDA TDS model. Res ults Of the 14 age-gender groups selected, the 25- to 30-year-old wome n and men consumed less than the current Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin K. In contrast, formula-fed infants had estimated v itamin K-1 intakes six times greater than the RDA. All other groups co nsumed amounts within the recommended daily intakes but lower than 90 mu g/day. The top contributors to total vitamin K-1 intake were dark-g reen vegetables, although the fats and oils added to mixed dishes and desserts were also important contributors. The proportion of vitamin K -1 obtained horn vegetables increased with age. Applications The data identify important dietary sources of vitamin K-1 in the American diet . This knowledge can be used to develop dietary assessment instruments for use in epidemiologic studies.