In 1992, the Federal Highway Administration awarded small research con
tracts to four teams of transportation researchers to design alternati
ve approaches for improving the urban travel demand forecasting proces
s. The purpose of these contracts was to enable each research team to
explain how transportation planning models could and should be improve
d to meet the new forecasting requirements brought on by recent legisl
ation, to address the impacts of new transportation technology, and to
exploit the travel behavior theories and methodologies that have deve
loped over the past two decades. This paper presents a summary and syn
thesis of the ideas which emerged from the four research reports. Its
purpose is to identify common themes suggested by several of the resea
rch teams, to point out what appear to be critical elements missing fr
om some approaches, and to combine the best aspects of the four approa
ches into a research plan for improving the current generation of trav
el demand models.