CHARACTERISTICS OF INFANT CHILD-CARE - FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO POSITIVE CAREGIVING

At 6 months of age, 576 infants were observed during 2 half-days in fi ve types of nonmaternal child care (centers, child care homes, in-home sitters, grandparents, and fathers). Settings were assessed in terms of their structural characteristics (group size, child-adult ratio, ph ysical environment) and caregivers' characteristics (formal education, specialized training, child care experience, and beliefs about child rearing). In addition, caregivers' interactions with infants were obse rved. Caregivers were rated as providing more positive caregiving when group sizes and child-adult ratios were smaller and when caregivers h eld less-authoritarian beliefs about child rearing. Significant differ ences were associated with type of care arrangement. Child-adult ratio s and group sizes were largest in centers and smallest in informal in- home care (with fathers, grandparents, and in-home sitters); specializ ed training was highest in centers. Small group sizes, low child adult ratios, caregivers' nonauthoritarian child-rearing beliefs, and safe, clean, and stimulating physical environments were consistently associ ated with positive caregiving behaviors within each of these different types of settings.