PROMOTION AND EMPLOYEE TURNOVER - CRITIQUE, METAANALYSIS, AND IMPLICATIONS

Qualitative reviews of the withdrawal literature have reached inconsis tent conclusions regarding the strength of the relationship between pr omotion and turnover. Several issues were addressed in this study whic h may account for these inconsistencies. First, we differentiate among three distinct operationalizations of promotion: (1) promotion satisf action; (2) perceptions of promotional opportunity; and (3) actual pro motion. We then conduct quantitative reviews using meta-analytic proce dures on turnover and the three operationalizations of promotion. We f ound no significant relationships between promotion satisfaction and t urnover or between perceived promotional opportunities and turnover. H owever, a significant negative relationship was found between actual p romotion and turnover. Theoretical implication of these findings are p resented.