J. Pelka et W. Henke, SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF PHASE-SHIFT MASKS FOR PRINTING OF CONTACT HOLES, Microelectronic engineering, 26(1), 1994, pp. 1-26
Using the simulation program solid, comprehensive simulation studies w
ere conducted on the use of phase-shift masks for contact holes in opt
ical lithography. Emphasis was laid on the use of rim-type and outrigg
er masks. Based on simulation findings, advantages and disadvantages o
f this technology will be discussed, and aids for design and optimizat
ion of phase-shifting mask areas will be given.