Verification and validation are two techniques employed during the dev
elopment of computer programs and the modelling of systems. Each of th
ese techniques has a unique scope. Both techniques are an inherent par
t of the problem specification, program coding and the final implement
ation of the computer software in a real-life environment. The issues
of verification and validation have become all the more critical as th
e scope of modern-day computer programs have evolved from data manipul
ation to performing cognitive tasks. This paper discusses the verifica
tion and validation issues in all three phases of software development
. It introduces the basic definitions of models, verification and vali
dation and goes on to describe their scope. Finally, the paper describ
es the lessons learnt from the validation of a Generalised Real-Time J
ob Shop Control System in a real-life manufacturing environment.